Glossary

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Glossary

Sat Jul 16, 2011 5:17 pm

This section will have the technical Japanese terms paired with their kanji pertinent to carpentry work. If you're trying to communicate something in another section of the forum, you could come here and cut and paste the terms conveniently. I'll be adding new terms as we move along - please feel free to request any terms be added as well.

A.

B.

Bō-zumi 棒隅: lit. 'pole corner' - the simplest form of hip rafter assembly, a single layer roof hip rafter.

C.

Chōgen 長玄: The 'long hypotenuse', a geometrical expression of the cosine value found by the kō-ko-gen method

Chōna : an adze

Chū-kō 中勾: The 'middle rise', a geometrical expression of the sine value found by the kō-ko-gen method

D.

Dobei 土塀: Earthen wall

E.

G.

Gen (old form) / (modern form): the hypotenuse, the geometrical expression of the secant value found by the kō-ko-gen method

H.

Hagane 刃金: the cutting steel of a laminated blade

Henka 変化: A variant form or method (antonym: kihon)

Hira-kō-bai 平勾配: The average (common) slope

Hirogomai (or hirokomai) 広子舞: the projected slope of the front face of an orthogonal member where it meets the plane of the hip rafter

Hiyodori : the Japanese name for a type of bird called a Brown-eared Bulbul (Microscelis amaurotis) in English. This bird flies, apparently, in zig-zags. Hiyodori bolts and splines are inserted crosswise between angled parts. The term may also refer to the Battle of Ichi-no-Tani in 1184, in which troops won a battle by attacking from two directions at ones in a sort of pincer maneuver, and one of the directions of attack was via Hiyodori Pass.

Hogen 補玄: the 'supplementary Hypotenuse', used as an alternate for Shōchūkō in certain cases

Hozo : tenon

Hozo-ana 枘穴: mortise

I.

Irimoya, 入母屋: a hipped gable roof.

Irimoya-zukuri , 入母屋造り: hipped gable roof construction

Iri-zumi, 入り墨: re-entrant corners often seen on Chinese and Japanese (furniture) door frames and panels.

J.

Jigane 地金: the soft iron portion of a laminated blade, which has the purpose of absorbing shock and making the blade resilient

Jōgo-kata 漏斗形: Funnel-shaped objects, like hoppers

K.

Kanna : literally, the metal (金) that envelops (包) the surface of the wood. The Japanese plane

Kihon 基本: The standard form or method (antonym: henka)

Kikujunjō 規矩準縄 The scope of Japanese layout technique is summarized by this expression. Broken down kanji by kanji:
  • '' (ki): Combines '見' on the right, meaning affix one's sight on, and an element on the left, which is a pictograph of an arrow-like implement which functioned like a compass for drawing. Thus, '規' refers to the use of a compass.

    '' (ku): Combines '矢' arrow on the left with '巨' on the right which is a picture of an archaic form of carpenter's square. This character refers to the use of the square to draw angles.

    '' (jun): Combines '淮' on the top, which referred to a heavy buildup of water in a round pool at the base of a waterfall, and '十' underneath, which means 'gather'. Together these elements give a meaning of buildup of water that turns an uneven surface (such as a dry riverbed) into a uniform one, which later came to mean level, standard. In carpentry, the use of a water level is the relevant meaning.

    '' (): Combines '糸' on the left, meaning thread, and '黽' on the right, a pictograph of a frog or other amphibious creature. Together, these elements refer to the use of a string or line to make a pattern. In carpentry terms, the use of an inked string, sumi nawa, for layout.
Kikujutsu 規矩術 The use of the framing square in layout

Kikuzu 規矩図 A map of the unit triangle and the relevant divisions of that triangle for the required cut angles

Ko (old) / (modern): the unitary 'run' of a triangle, generally taken at 1.0 unit or 10.0 units.

Kote-nomi 鏝鑿: a crank-necked chisel used primarily for trimming the bottoms of dadoes.

(old) / (modern): in a right triangle, the leg giving the displacement of slope. If the unit run were horizontal, then is a vertical displacement. If the unit 'run' is vertical, as in a hopper, then is a horizontal displacement.

Kōbai 勾配: slope

M.

Mechi hozo 目地枘: a stub tenon

Mukuzai 無垢材: solid wood

N.

Nokogiri : a saw. Often abbreviated as 'noko'

Nomi : a chisel

O.

Ō-tsuki-nomi 大突き鑿: a large paring slick, lit. 'big-push-chisel'

P.

R.

S.

Sashigane 指矩 or 指金: Japanese framing square

Shitaba 下端: the lower surface (antonym: 上端)

Shōchūkō 小中勾 The 'little chūkō', used for top/bottom cut lines on hopper mortise and tenon joints (and other places)

Shōko 小殳 The 'little run' within the unit triangle.

Shōkō 小勾 The 'little rise' within the unit triangle..

Shūseizai 集成材: laminated wood

Sumitsubo 墨壺: The Japanese Ink-line

T.

Tangen 短玄, The 'short hypotenuse' within the unit triangle.

U.

Ura : the hollowed back portion of a Japanese plane or chisel

Uwaba 上端: the top surface (antonym: shitaba 下端)

W.

Wanagi-komi, 輪薙込み: A forked joint employed on a kingpost (shin-zuka) truss to connect the ridgepole (munagi) to the king piece.

Watetsu 和鉄: Japanese indigenous iron used for the backing on some plane and chisel blades

Y.

Yane, '屋根': Roof. Literally, the root (根) of the house (屋)

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